Thursday, May 31, 2012

Chernobyl can be a wonderful business presentation Timetables ...

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Effects of Index-Fund Investing on Oil Prices

In my previous post I described a new research paper with University of Chicago Professor Cynthia Wu on the Effects of Index-Fund Investing on Commodity Futures Prices. Previously I discussed what we found for the prices of agricultural commodities. Here I review our findings about oil prices.

Part of the interest in a possible effect of commodity-index funds on oil prices comes from testimony before the U.S. Senate by hedge fund manager Michael Masters, in which he produced a provocative graph of oil prices against an estimate of the number of crude oil futures contracts held by commodity-index funds. We reproduced his methodology to update his graph below. The figure certainly seems to suggest a strong connection between these two series, particularly during 2008 and 2009.

Price of near crude oil contract (left scale) and number of crude oil contracts held by index traders as imputed by Masters' method (right scale). Source: Hamilton and Wu (2012).

The CFTC does not release a direct estimate of index-fund holdings of crude oil contracts at the weekly frequency of data plotted above. Masters therefore used an indirect method based on CFTC-reported holdings by commodity-index funds of 3 particular agricultural commodities to construct the green line in the graph above. His reasoning was that most index funds follow one of two popular strategies, trying to track either the S&P-Goldman Sachs Commodity Index or the Dow Jones-UBS (formerly Dow Jones-AIG) Commodity Index. He noted that soybean oil, one of the 12 agricultural commodities for which CFTC does report a weekly estimate of index-fund positions, is included in the Dow Jones but not the Goldman strategy. Masters? proposal was that, by using the CFTC estimate of holdings of soybean oil by index funds, and from the known weights that the Dow Jones strategy calls for holding soybean oil relative to crude oil, one could infer how many crude oil contracts were being held by funds following the Dow Jones strategy. Similarly, the Goldman strategy includes Kansas City wheat and feeder cattle, whereas the Dow Jones index does not, so either of these commodities (Masters used the average) could generate an implied holding of crude oil contracts by those trying to replicate the Goldman Sachs Commodity Index. Summing these two estimates produced the green line in the figure above. Thus this estimate of crude oil holdings is actually based on reported holdings in soybean oil, Kansas City wheat, and feeder cattle contracts.

This approach of imputing crude oil holdings from a few agricultural commodities has been sharply criticized by Irwin and Sanders (2011), who note that the implied estimates using Kansas City wheat often differ significantly from those based on feeder cattle. They also document that, for dates for which we have separate reasonable estimates of crude oil contracts held by commodity-index funds, the actual holdings differ substantially from the series plotted in the green line above. (See my discussion of Irwin and Sanders? paper in Econbrowser last August).

In my new paper with Cynthia Wu, we demonstrate that Masters? idea for imputing crude oil holdings from agricultural measures does not require finding a commodity that appears in one index but not the other. Algebraically, the method can be thought of as simply solving a system of two equations to determine two unknowns. In fact under Masters? assumption, it would be possible to infer crude oil holdings from almost any two arbitrary agricultural commodities. The graph below shows what those inferences look like if one uses soybean oil plus any one of the indicated second commodities. The inferred series for crude oil holdings is quite sensitive to which agricultural series one uses. The figure also plots a regression method that we developed that makes use of all 12 commodities together, which can be viewed as a generalization of Masters? averaging idea.

Holdings of crude oil contracts held by commodity-index traders imputed by (a) soybean oil and one other agricultural commodity; (b) Masters' method; (c) regression method. Source: Hamilton and Wu (2012).

A recent paper by Stanford Professor Ken Singleton found that the 13-week change in Masters? estimates of crude oil holdings can help forecast returns on crude oil futures contracts. Cynthia and I were able to reproduce this finding, though the level and 1-week change of the Masters series don?t have any predictive power.

Returning to the first figure above, the striking feature of the Masters series is that it collapses as the recession worsened in 2008 but began to rebound sharply before the recovery began, features that help give it apparent predictive power over the sample period that Singleton originally studied. Since Singleton?s paper was written, we now have 2 more years of data with which to see if the relation has true predictive power. We estimated the forecasting regression using a sample that ended at the same date as Singleton?s original analysis (January 12, 2010), and then used those regression estimates to try to forecast crude oil futures prices over January 17, 2010 to January 3, 2012. We found that in this out-of-sample exercise, the regression actually did 22% worse than one would have done if one simply used the naive forecast that futures prices would never change.

Interestingly, we found that Masters? measure not only appeared to forecast changes in crude oil prices over the 2006-2009 period, but would equally appear to have been able to predict changes in the S&P500 stock price index over that period. However, this relation, too, turns out to perform worse out-of-sample than the naive prediction that stock prices will never change.

Our conclusion is that the correlation between 13-week changes in commodity-index holdings of agricultural futures contracts over 2006-2009 and other series such as changes in crude oil or stock prices is likely to just be a coincidence. Overall, we find very little support in the data for the claim that index buying exerted significant effect on commodity futures prices.

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Oil headed for biggest drop since 2008

(AP) ? The price of oil is headed for its biggest monthly decline since December 2008.

Benchmark U.S. crude has dropped nearly 16 percent so far in May on growing expectations that world won't use as much as previously thought this year. The futures contract fell $2.93, or 3.2 percent, to $88.08 in Wednesday morning trading.

Analysts point to weak U.S. jobs numbers and a slowdown in China's manufacturing sector. The U.S. and China are the biggest oil consumers in the world.

Experts also are concerned by a banking crisis in Europe that may pull the eurozone into recession. Economic confidence has plummeted this month in Europe, pushing the euro to its lowest level in two and a half years.

Brent crude fell by $2.69 to $103.99 per barrel in London.

Associated Press

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Tuesday, May 29, 2012

Ai Weiwei says blind dissident's escape will inspire Chinese

BEIJING (Reuters) - China's most famous dissident, the artist Ai Weiwei, said blind activist Chen Guangcheng's dramatic escape from confinement will inspire other Chinese to continue down the path towards democracy and not to live in fear.

Chen's escape last month from 19 months of illegal house imprisonment and temporary refuge in the U.S. embassy in Beijing embarrassed the ruling Communist Party and cast a spotlight on the lack of rule of law in China.

"Through his efforts, his strong spirit and incisiveness have made it so that other Chinese people have no excuse to still be living in fear because their situations will never be worse than his," Ai said on Tuesday in his most extensive comments on Chen's case since his escape.

"The most unfair things that could have happened in a society fell upon a blind man," Ai said. "This is something that no one can accept or explain away with any excuse. Everyone will ask: 'Do we actually have to exist in a society like this?'"

The bearded and portly 55-year-old, wearing a loose, white cotton tunic, was speaking in his home in western Beijing, where 15 surveillance cameras continually monitor activity outside his home.

Ai, who is suing the government for violating the law by imposing a 15 million yuan ($2.4 million) tax evasion penalty on the company that markets his work, was detained without charge in April 2011 and held mainly in solitary confinement until his conditional release last June.

He has since ignored efforts to silence him and has instead become a rallying point for China's dissidents and activists.

Ai does not know Chen personally and said he was "extremely surprised" when he received a call from him in New York on Saturday.

"I like you very much," Chen told Ai, to which Ai replied: "I've liked you all along too."

Ai told Chen that he hopes he can "live peacefully, study hard and that his family can recover physically". Chen told Ai he was "still getting used to" life in New York, where he arrived nearly two weeks ago after China let him leave Beijing to quell a diplomatic rift with the United States.

"Based on his own efforts, he can enjoy the most basic rights of living peacefully with his children, travelling, going to school and leading a normal life," Ai said. "But these were not granted to him on his own land. I think that's a very ironic story."

Chen is starting his studies at New York University School of Law under a deal reached between the United States and China.

"REPRESSION WILL NEVER SUCCEED"

Few people in China have heard of Chen due to strict controls on the media and the Internet, which Ai said were "methods exactly like those used during the Cultural Revolution 40 years ago".

Ai said Chen's escape illustrates that the authorities' programme of "stability maintenance", trying to ensure continued one-party rule, is doomed to fail.

"This simple form of repression, of using the method of not letting anyone speak, will never succeed," said Ai, who is required to report his daily movements to state security.

"The more they want to maintain, the more unstable it becomes," Ai said, adding that the world was moving towards increased freedom and democracy.

Asked when he thought China would achieve democracy, Ai laughed and said: "I predicted yesterday. But I was wrong."

Chen was jailed for a little more than four years, starting in 2006, on what he and his supporters say were trumped-up charges designed to end his activism. He was released in 2010 but remained under house arrest and officials turned his home into a fortress of walls, cameras and plainclothes guards.

Chen had accused Shandong province officials in 2005 of forcing women to have late-term abortions and sterilizations to comply with China's strict family-planning policies. Authorities moved against him with charges of whipping up a crowd that disrupted traffic and damaged property.

Ai said both the cases of Chen and Chongqing police chief Wang Lijun, who also sought refuge at an American mission, will spark "deep reflection" by the authorities.

Wang's flight to the U.S. Consulate in Chengdu on February 6 triggered a crisis that toppled the city's party chief, Bo Xilai, and sparked China's biggest political scandal since 1989.

Ai dismissed concerns that Chen would be sidelined in his quest to defend human rights and press for change in China.

"The world is now a lot smaller because of globalization and the Internet," Ai said. "Wherever he is, nothing will change."

Asked whether he himself would consider living in exile, Ai, who lived in New York for 12 years studying art, was silent for nearly a minute.

"I will never leave China, unless I'm forced to," he said. "Because China is mine. I will not leave something that belongs to me in the hands of people I don't trust."

(Reporting by Sui-Lee Wee; Editing by Ken Wills and Nick Macfie)

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Pebble Blue Samsung Galaxy S III delayed across the UK

Samsung Galaxy S III

Sad news breaking this afternoon for anyone in the UK -- or abroad if you just couldn't wait -- that has pre-ordered a new Samsung Galaxy S III from Clove Technology. Just over 24 hours before the first appearance of the phone, the latest update from Clove has put the shipping dates back for both white and blue versions of the latest Samsung flagship. 

If you've ordered a white one, the delay is less. Instead of shipping on May 30, they will now begin shipping the following day, June 1, instead. It's the Pebble Blue variant that has a slight ring of alarm bells around it. But only slight. 

The first stock is now expected to arrive at Clove from June 5. The uneasy part, is that this date is still to be confirmed. 

For now, lets try not to panic too much. Yes, there have been rumors all over the interwebs about issues with the Pebble Blue Galaxy S III, and subsequent delays because of said rumored issues. At the moment, it is only Clove that have published details of any stock delays. 

We've reached out to our friends over at Clove to see if we can dig out some more details on this one. But, in the UK it's now out of office hours, so we may have to wait until morning. Sit tight folks. 

Update: The plot thickens, as it's now becoming clear this is a widespread delay --

  • Things are the same over at HandTec. They're on track for a May 31 release of the white version, but have no date available for the Pebble Blue. ?
     
  • ??Digging through the UK carriers, it's clear that there is a blanket delay on the Pebble Blues. Three are showing a pre-order button for the white version, but "out of stock" next to the blue. O2 is the same story. Orange haven't changed from "coming soon" since the product page first went up, and T-Mobile still seem to be taking pre-orders for both versions. Over at Vodafone, the blue Galaxy S III is on back-order, with the aim to deliver within 2-4 weeks.
     
  • There are some small nuggets of good news though. The official Samsung store at Westfield has told us that they will still be holding their early launch for pre-order customers tomorrow, ahead of general release on May 30.
     
  • A press release from Carphone Warehouse today indicates that the retailer plans to stage an "early" launch on the evening of May 30, ahead of the Galaxy S III's general launch across its stores nationwide on May 31. No word on which colors will be available.
     
  • Supermarket giant Tesco -- who also have a phone network -- have added the following message to their website: “Please note: we have been advised by Samsung that stock of the Samsung Galaxy S III in Blue has been delayed. We will despatch your pre-order as soon as stock is available.”

Keep it locked to Android Central, we'll keep you posted as anything new comes in.

Source: Clove Technology



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Monday, May 28, 2012

Will 'Amour' conquer all in Cannes prize race?

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NTC leader sees delay to Libya election

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Tropical Storm Beryl Nears U.S. Coast

Tropical Storm Beryl is close to making landfall in the southeastern U.S. as coastal areas are already starting to feel the impact of heavy rains and strong winds.

The National Hurricane Center in Miami reported late Sunday that Beryl was 35 miles east of Jacksonville, Fla., and 75 miles (121 kilometers) south-southeast of Brunswick, Ga. Forecasters said the storm is moving west at 7 mph (11 kph) and its center should cross the coast over the next few hours.

Beryl had maximum sustained winds of 70 mph (113 kph) with higher gusts. Forecasters said the system should begin to weaken as it moves inland and becomes a tropical depression.

Tropical storm warnings are in effect for the entire Georgia coastline, as well as parts of Florida and South Carolina.

THIS IS A BREAKING NEWS UPDATE. Check back soon for further information. AP's earlier story is below.

Tropical Storm Beryl was wrecking some Memorial Day weekend plans on Sunday, causing shoreline campers to pack up and head inland and leading to the cancellation of some events as the storm approached the southeastern U.S.

Beryl was still well offshore, but officials in Georgia and Florida were bracing for drenching rains and driving winds.

The National Hurricane Center in Miami said Sunday evening that Beryl was approaching hurricane strength and was expected to make landfall late Sunday or early Monday.

As of 8 p.m., Beryl had maximum sustained winds of 70 mph (113 kph), just below hurricane-strength, which is 75 mph. It was not expected to strengthen much more, and should weaken after making landfall. The hurricane center said the Jacksonville pier was already reporting winds of 50 mph (80 kph). Beryl was moving westward at 10 mph (16 kph).

Florida Gov. Rick Scott urged Florida residents in the affected areas to "stay alert and aware."

"Tropical Storm Beryl is expected to bring heavy rain and winds, and it is vital to continue to monitor local news reports and listen to the advice of local emergency management officials," Scott said in a statement Sunday evening.

Tropical storm warnings were in effect for the entire Georgia coastline, as well as parts of Florida and South Carolina.

Beryl is expected to bring 4 to 8 inches of rain to parts, with some areas getting as much as 12 inches. Forecasters predict the storm surge and tide will cause some coastal flooding in northeastern Florida, Georgia and southern South Carolina.

Campers at Cumberland Island, Ga., which is reachable only by boat, were told to leave by 4:45 p.m. The island has a number of undeveloped beaches and forests popular with campers.

However, many people seemed determined to make the best of the soggy forecast.

At Greyfield Inn, a 19th-century mansion and the only private inn on Cumberland Island, the rooms were nearly full Sunday and everyone was planning to stay put through the wet weather, said Dawn Drake, who answered the phone at the inn's office on the Florida coast.

In Jacksonville, Fla., Sunday's jazz festival and Memorial Day ceremony were canceled. Workers were also out clearing tree limbs and debris that could be tossed about by the storm's winds. Winds had already knocked down tree limbs and power lines in parts of coastal Georgia, leaving hundreds without electricity.

But business was booming at the Red Dog Surf Shop in New Smyrna Beach, Fla., where customers flocked to buy boards and wax in anticipation of the storm's high waves. Officials along the coast warned of rip currents, waves and high tides ? all of which can be dangerous but also tend to attract adventurous surfers. The waters had already become dangerous in South Carolina, where rescuers were searching for a missing swimmer.

In Jacksonville Beach, Fernando Sola said business was booming at his Happy Faces Ice Cream truck. A bus- full of tourists from South Carolina had stopped to buy some ice cream and watch the storm waters churn.

"There are actually more people than on a normal day. It's working out great," said Sola, taking a few moments away from scooping ice cream to people lined up in front of his truck.

Steady, heavy winds kicked up sand across the area, forcing onlookers to shield themselves with towels.

Jessica Smith and Chester Jaheeb decided to brave the waters despite many warnings for people to stay out. Jaheeb, who was born in India but lives in Jacksonville, said he had never experienced a tropical storm before.

"We were at a certain part that started pulling us out, like the rip current, so we decided to come to shore," said Smith, 17.

Taylor Anderson, captain of Jacksonville Beach's American Red Cross Volunteer Lifesaving Corps., said his lifeguards went body-surfing early Sunday to get acclimated with the surf conditions for what looked to be a long day. They also reviewed methods to determine where there might be riptides.

"They look for discoloration, the water moving paradoxically back to sea, and our lifeguards are trained to spot that, to keep people away from that, especially when the surf is this high. It makes those run-outs very dangerous. People can get sucked into those very fast, especially with the high surf and the high wind," he said.

Though the weather was calm earlier Sunday, Anderson's lifeguards began preparing other equipment in the morning. They packed sandbags in front of the entrances to the oceanfront Red Cross lifeguard station and pulled lifeguard stands off the beach.

As the winds picked up, officials hung two red flags, one warning of dangerous ocean conditions and the other notifying beachgoers that swimming was prohibited. But a lot of people ignored the warnings. By 3:30 p.m., Anderson said, lifeguards had made 150 "preventions," meaning lifeguards ordered 150 people out of the water, though no rescues were necessary.

One of the people ordered out the water was Christian Siciliano, 14, of Jacksonville Beach. The surfer said the waves were too rough for surfing so he, his brother and a friend decided to go boogey-boarding.

"We just went out to, like, mess around," Christian said. "It was really rough. I didn't make it out too far, about 10 feet."

He said the waves were so powerful it was difficult to paddle against them. Then lifeguards raced to the area and ordered him and the two other youths from the water.

Bars and restaurants along Jacksonville Beach's oceanside roads were enjoying booming business, with outside decks crowded with people listening to music, drinking and watching the weather. At Joe's Crab Shack, which has a deck facing the Atlantic Ocean, the Bee Gees' "Stayin' Alive" blasted from outside speakers.

Joe Murphy, a spokesman for the Ritz Carlton in Amelia Island, Fla., said he was not seeing a flood of checkouts or people trying to get off the island. Outdoor dining had been moved inside and the hotel set up movies and family game activities, but the hotel had no plans to board up or move patio furniture inside.

The southeastern U.S. wasn't the only part of the country dealing with troublesome weather.

In Washington, the annual Memorial Day concert on the National Mall Sunday night was cut short as a line of thunderstorms approached the District of Columbia from the northwest. Mike Musher of the National Weather Service said the thunderstorms developed over Pennsylvania as part of the weather system that created record high temperatures in the Midwest over the weekend.

As for Beryl, it was centered at 8 p.m. Sunday about 75 miles (121 kilometers) east of Jacksonville, and about 95 miles (153 kilometers) southeast of Brunswick, Ga.

Once Beryl comes ashore, it is expected to continue dumping rain over parts of Florida and Georgia on Monday before heading north and then out to sea. It was expected to weaken to a tropical depression by Monday night.

On Tybee Island, a barrier island not far from Savannah, water off the beaches was closed for swimming Sunday. Tybee Island fire Chief C.L. Sasser said winds of up to 42 mph were creating "horrendous water currents." Only people with flotation devices strapped or tethered to their bodies were being allowed into the water, and they were being cautioned not to venture in farther than knee deep.

"Even if you're standing in waist-deep water, the current can sweep you out quickly," he said.

His ocean rescue team pulled a total of 48 people from the water on Saturday, he said, including about 27 that were considered to be in life-threatening conditions. One man who was sucked under the water was rescued by friends and onlookers and was taken to the hospital in serious condition.

A band of showers soaked the beaches late Sunday morning, causing crowds to thin, Sasser said. With alternating rainy and sunny weather forecast throughout the day, he said he expected the crowds on the sands to ebb and flow.

In South Carolina, Janice Keith with the Myrtle Beach Area Convention and Visitors Bureau said Sunday that the office hadn't fielded any calls from concerned tourists.

In Beaufort County, emergency management deputy director David Zeoli said officials were continuing to monitor the storm and encourage people to have a plan in case conditions get worse.

Zeoli said winds had kicked up in the area that includes Hilton Head Island, a popular golf and beach destination. "It's just a wet day here," he said.

___

Kennedy reported from Miami. Brumback reported from Atlanta. Associated Press writer Meg Kinnard contributed to this report from Columbia, S.C.

Related on HuffPost:

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United Church of Canada

Une vue de l'?glise Unie du Canada, qui est situ?e au 99 Queens Road ? St.John's ? Terre-Neuve. La photo a ?t? prise ? 1103(HT) lors d'une promenade en voiture sous un temps nuageux et pluvieux.

A view of of the United church of Canada, it is located at 99 Queens Road in St.John's Newfoundland. The photo was taken at 1103(NT) during a car trip under cloudy and rainy weather.

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Sunday, May 27, 2012

Web Design Tutorials ? Teaching Yourself | Wow Webdesign

Initially, the main question of how to generate a website is simple and, as a result, easy to answer even for people who have little to no knowledge about website design as well as development. Writer tools, web page design tutorials as well as other resources just like books, e-books as well as classes are accessible, if and when you already know where to try looking in the traditional as well as digital mass media.

Of all these kind of available means, online web site design tutorials work most effectively routes in the direction of learning to produce outstanding sites. When we declare outstanding sites, we make reference to site that provide for initial content, easy-to-navigate internet pages, and fast loading velocity as well as the appropriate tools for SEO as well as tracking uses.

Where to Find

Website design tutorials are easy to find in web sites as well as in e-books. Simply key in the text and the internet search engine used (my spouse and i.e., Yahoo and google!) will produce hundreds of thousands associated with results inside a few seconds. We always suggest looking at the first couple of pages with the search results since these are usually the finest tutorials accessible although there?s no harm while looking for various other sites about the succeeding internet pages.

What to Locate

The search engine results will yield a wide variety of web site design tutorials through e-books to online classes conducted through instructors. In the case of downloadable e-books, people are provided together with step-by-step instruction in web design complete with practical workouts, video instructions and even after-sales customer services. Regarding online classes, pupils log on to the web site to participate in the discussions, hear the instructors as well as submit projects, among alternative activities.

Which one is the foremost way regarding how to make a internet site? Both are very good options for many reasons with your making your decision largely based on your personal preferences in terms of cost, convenience as well as results.

Similarly, e-books are desirable to individuals who would like to learn web design with their own occasion, pace as well as space. No matter what issues show up, the best option is actually calling upwards customer companies or seeking answers on-line.

On the other hand, online classes are popular with individuals who would like the benefits of the particular active interaction between the pupils and the instructor. The methodical curriculum can be another desirable part of online classes besides the fact accreditations of achievement will be made available to the students, which can then be used for business or career purposes.

What you should expect

Depending on the opportunity of the web site design tutorials, the particular instruction should include the:

? Looks Aspect * This is where graphics comes in. The colors, fonts and site of the photographs, text as well as icons will be determined on with the main aim becoming to make each and every page interesting, not to mention thorough and useful.

? Technical Aspects ? The actual designer should be knowledgeable about JavaScript, Style sheet and Web coding, among various other programming ?languages?. The aim is always to make the internet pages user-friendly, safe and secure.

In fact, if you want to study the ins and outs of web site design, you must sign up for web design training classes or even purchase down loadable e-books.

Aubrey Young has been a professional coach for Eleven years and been writing excellent improvements in marketing in part of her affiliation with New Industries Team ,a new creative team for innovating people. Learn All about her website to read more about her calgary marketing ideas over the years.

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Saturday, May 26, 2012

Samsung Galaxy S III, Fahrrad Tourenplaner, S Voice: Die 5 meistgelesenen Android-News der Woche

Am: 26. Mai 2012 um: 06:42 von: Benedikt Niederschmid

W?chentlich werfen wir einen kurzen Blick zur?ck. Wir wollen wissen: Wo wurde hin- und wo weggeklickt? Unsere Top 5 zeigt die meistgelesenen Android-News in Kalenderwoche 21 auf einen Blick.

Viele halten derzeit eifrig Ausschau nach den passenden Begleitern f?r Outdoor-Aktivit?ten. Zwei n?tzliche: Die Latex-Schutzh?lle f?r das Samsung Galaxy S II und die Fahrrad-Tourenplaner-App, die wir in der vergangenen Woche vorgestellt haben. Warum Motorola nicht an alle seine Smartphones ein Android 4.0-Update ausliefern will, lie? der Konzern in der vergangenen Woche wissen. Aber selbstredend kamen wir so kurz vor dem Launch auch um das Samsung Galaxy S III nicht herum.

Unsere Top 5 der meistgelesenen News der vergangenen Woche:

Unsere Top 5 zeigt die meistgelesenen Android-News in Kalenderwoche 21 auf einen Blick. Unsere Top 5 zeigt die meistgelesenen Android-News in Kalenderwoche 21 auf einen Blick. Unsere Top 5 zeigt die meistgelesenen Android-News in Kalenderwoche 21 auf einen Blick. Unsere Top 5 zeigt die meistgelesenen Android-News in KW 21 auf einen Blick.

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Sorry, Readability was unable to parse this page for content.

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Video: Romney avoids topic of immigration

FBI stalks gunman in Indiana hostage situation

Dozens of police and SWAT officers surrounded a real estate company office in Valparaiso, Ind., on Friday after at least three gunshots were heard. A gunman inside the building was reported to be holding as many as 15 hostages, police and witnesses said.

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Friday, May 25, 2012

GOP's Rubio plans to sell books in swing states (The Arizona Republic)

Share With Friends: Share on FacebookTweet ThisPost to Google-BuzzSend on GmailPost to Linked-InSubscribe to This Feed | Rss To Twitter | Politics - Top Stories News, News Feeds and News via Feedzilla.

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Exotic particles, chilled and trapped, form giant matter wave

Thursday, May 24, 2012

Physicists have trapped and cooled exotic particles called excitons so effectively that they condensed and cohered to form a giant matter wave.

This feat will allow scientists to better study the physical properties of excitons, which exist only fleetingly yet offer promising applications as diverse as efficient harvesting of solar energy and ultrafast computing.

"The realization of the exciton condensate in a trap opens the opportunity to study this interesting state. Traps allow control of the condensate, providing a new way to study fundamental properties of light and matter," said Leonid Butov, professor of physics at the University of California, San Diego. A paper reporting his team's success was recently published in the scientific journal Nano Letters.

Excitons are composite particles made up of an electron and a "hole" left by a missing electron in a semiconductor. Created by light, these coupled pairs exist in nature. The formation and dynamics of excitons play a critical role in photosynthesis, for example.

Like other matter, excitons have a dual nature of both particle and wave, in a quantum mechanical view. The waves are usually unsynchronized, but when particles are cooled enough to condense, their waves synchronize and combine to form a giant matter wave, a state that others have observed for atoms.

Scientists can easily create excitons by shining light on a semiconductor, but in order for the excitons to condense they must be chilled before they recombine.

The key to the team's success was to separate the electrons far enough from their holes so that excitons could last long enough for the scientists to cool them into a condensate. They accomplished this by creating structures called "coupled quantum wells" that separate electrons from holes in different layers of alloys made of gallium, arsenic and aluminum.

Then they set an electrostatic trap made by a diamond-shaped electrode and chilled their special semiconducting material in an optical dilution refrigerator to as cold as 50 milli-Kelvin, just a fraction of a degree above absolute zero.

A laser focused on the surface of the material created excitons, which began to accumulate at the bottom of the trap as they cooled. Below 1 Kelvin, the entire cloud of excitons cohered to form a single matter wave, a signature of a state called a Bose-Einstein condensate.

Other scientists have seen whole atoms do this when confined in a trap and cooled, but this is the first time that scientists have seen subatomic particles form coherent matter waves in a trap.

Varying the size and depth of the trap will alter the coherent exciton state, providing this team, and others, the opportunity to study the properties of light and mater in a new way.

###

University of California - San Diego: http://www.ucsd.edu

Thanks to University of California - San Diego for this article.

This press release was posted to serve as a topic for discussion. Please comment below. We try our best to only post press releases that are associated with peer reviewed scientific literature. Critical discussions of the research are appreciated. If you need help finding a link to the original article, please contact us on twitter or via e-mail.

This press release has been viewed 43 time(s).

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Stewart becomes non-executive chairman of company

(AP) ? Martha Stewart, on Wednesday, was named as non-executive chairman of the lifestyle, media and merchandising company that she created.

Stewart rejoined the board of Martha Stewart Living Omnimedia Inc. in September at the end of a five-year ban on serving as a board member or as an executive of a public company as part a settlement with federal regulators related to insider trading.

As non-executive chairman, Stewart will help set the direction for the business but will have no direct operating role. An executive chairman would typically also hold a top management role such as being CEO.

"I look forward to working closely with our directors and our management team as we focus on the future, capitalizing on the strength of our brand and our amazing customer connection to continue building our business so that it realizes its full and considerable potential," Stewart said.

Stewart was convicted in 2004 on federal criminal charges of lying to prosecutors about selling ImClone shares a day before the Food and Drug Administration announced it declined to review an ImClone application for a cancer drug. She served five months in prison.

In 2006, the Securities Exchange Commission agreed to settle a related civil case against Stewart. Under the agreement, Stewart agreed to pay about $58,000 as well as a civil penalty of about three times the loss she avoided, or about $137,000. She also agreed to a five-year ban from serving on the board or as an officer of a public company

Stewart succeeds Charles Koppelman as non-executive chairman.

Earlier this month Martha Stewart Living reported a smaller-than-expected first-quarter loss on lower expenses.

The company has a merchandising deal with Home Depot. J.C. Penney Co. announced in December that it will develop mini-shops in its stores with Stewart. However, that is being legally contested by Macy's Inc., which also offers Martha Stewart products.

Stewart's daily talk show, which aired in syndication before moving to cable's Hallmark Channel two years ago, is ending this summer.

Shares of Martha Stewart Living fell 12 cents, or 3.7 percent, to close at $3.09.

Associated Press

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Thursday, May 24, 2012

Enjoy the Live Boxing between the popular Players ? Bradley and ...

The most thrilling match between the two best fighters, Timothy Bradley and Manny Pacquiao will be live among the boxing fans soon in the month of June. Both the fighters who have very good scores before and never seen failure in their life will be first time in the ring. The fight will going to be more exciting and thrilling because the Manny Pacquiao has a never breaking record of wins from last many years and also on the other hand the famous boxer, Timothy Bradley also has positive record of every time he was in the ring. So, the best boxers will be in front of each other to make a new and unexpected record. The best part of this match is it availability all around the world. The match is now easily accessible all around the world with the help of a fast speed internet connection. People can view the match from their homes on their own computers or laptops by entering some keywords on the search engine in order to have the list of the live streams.

The fight will soon entertain the millions of people and will definitely entertain the boxing fans because Bradley and Pacquiao will present a super fight to their viewers and collect the awesome reviews from their fans. We can?t judge the very first time that that will mark his name and make the record because the Devon Alexander, the top contender in Boxing was badly beaten by the Bradley in the last fight. But this time the ring of the fabulous and stunning match is waiting for the boxers to make the new record for other boxers too. If you really want to enjoy the match, you can access and watch Pacquiao vs Bradley online. Also many people cannot afford the amount of the tickets to view the live match but now it is possible to view the live match by accessing the online stream on their personal computers.

Moreover, these live streams allow the viewers to see the live and classic stunts and moves. It is also possible to view the particular stunt again and again. If you want to watch the boxing match live stream, then simply type some keywords in your search engine which will provide you the best links of the live match.

So, just take your laptop and a fast speed connection and enjoy the fight by sitting in your own room. Try to search the HD videos for more enjoyment.

View the clear and high definition videos of the fight and to enjoy more Watch Pacquiao vs Bradley online.

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Robotic-assisted prostate cancer surgery drives up costs, UPMC study finds

Robotic-assisted prostate cancer surgery drives up costs, UPMC study finds [ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 23-May-2012
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: Wendy Zellner
ZellnerWL@upmc.edu
412-586-9777
University of Pittsburgh Schools of the Health Sciences

PITTSBURGH, May 23 In one of the most comprehensive analyses to date of the cost of robotic-assisted, laparoscopic surgery for prostate cancer, researchers at UPMC found that this now-dominant surgical approach is significantly more costly than standard open surgery, despite little scientific evidence of long-term improved patient outcomes. The results of the study are available online and will appear in the July issue of the journal Urology.

In one of the first studies based on actual direct and indirect costs at a single institutionrather than computer models that evaluate theoretical coststhe researchers found that the mean total cost per case of robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RARP) exceeded by 62 percent the cost of open radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP). There was no significant difference in the mean length of stay for patients undergoing RARP vs. RRP, 1.2 and 1.4 days, respectively.

Since payment to the hospital was nearly equivalent for both types of procedures, the hospital lost $4,013 on average for each RARP case, while the payments exceeded costs by $1,325 for the standard open approach. Most of the cost difference, researchers found, was attributable to the robotic equipment and supplies.

"Nearly 240,000 new cases of prostate cancer are diagnosed annually, and radical prostatectomy is the most common treatment," said Joel B. Nelson, M.D., senior author of the study and chairman of the Department of Urology at UPMC and the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine. "The value of that care for patients is of particular concern to a nation struggling to control health care costs while improving outcomes." During the past decade, he noted, RARP has become the dominant surgical approach in the treatment of prostate cancer, with a surgeon controlling a robot's arms remotely to remove cancerous organs through small incisions in the patient's abdomen. Yet there is limited data to show that this technological innovation has produced better long-term patient results. "It is reasonable to question whether the increased costs of this robotic-assisted approach are justified," said Dr. Nelson, who is also co-director of the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute's Prostate Cancer Program.

For their cost analysis, the researchers looked at the treatment of 473 consecutive patients from July 2009 to October 2010 at UPMC Shadyside hospital. Four urologic oncologists with considerable experience in RARP and RRP operated on these patients, using RARP for 115 and RRP for 358.

The overall cost per case for RARP exceeded the cost for RRP by almost $5,300. The major contributors to the cost gap were greater operating room supply costs and indirect costs associated with the purchase and maintenance of the robotic equipment. Operating room supply costs were almost seven times greater for RARP, while ancillary, cardiology, imaging, administrative, laboratory and pharmacy costs were not significantly different between the two approaches.

Several previous studies also have demonstrated a cost advantage for the standard open surgical approach. However, those studies sometimes excluded certain costs or involved hospitals with lower surgical volumes or surgeons who were less experienced with the robotic-assisted technology, potentially skewing the cost per case.

Dr. Nelson noted that randomized clinical trialsthe gold standard in scientific researchcomparing RRP and RARP are lacking. But a recent review of 37 comparative prostatectomy studies found no superiority for one approach vs. the other in terms of functional (such as post-operative continence and potency) and oncologic outcomes for patients.

"While further studies are needed to compare the long-term outcomes of RRP vs. RARP, our study suggests that our society may be paying too high a price for what has been widely perceived as a medical advance," said Dr. Nelson.

###

Besides Dr. Nelson, the study authors are Jeffrey J. Tomaszewski, M.D., Benjamin J. Davies, M.D., Stephen V. Jackman, M.D., and Ronald L. Hrebinko, M.D., all of UPMC's Department of Urology, and Jarred C. Matchett, UPMC finance.

http://www.upmc.com/mediarelations



[ Back to EurekAlert! ] [ | E-mail | Share Share ]

?


AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


Robotic-assisted prostate cancer surgery drives up costs, UPMC study finds [ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 23-May-2012
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: Wendy Zellner
ZellnerWL@upmc.edu
412-586-9777
University of Pittsburgh Schools of the Health Sciences

PITTSBURGH, May 23 In one of the most comprehensive analyses to date of the cost of robotic-assisted, laparoscopic surgery for prostate cancer, researchers at UPMC found that this now-dominant surgical approach is significantly more costly than standard open surgery, despite little scientific evidence of long-term improved patient outcomes. The results of the study are available online and will appear in the July issue of the journal Urology.

In one of the first studies based on actual direct and indirect costs at a single institutionrather than computer models that evaluate theoretical coststhe researchers found that the mean total cost per case of robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RARP) exceeded by 62 percent the cost of open radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP). There was no significant difference in the mean length of stay for patients undergoing RARP vs. RRP, 1.2 and 1.4 days, respectively.

Since payment to the hospital was nearly equivalent for both types of procedures, the hospital lost $4,013 on average for each RARP case, while the payments exceeded costs by $1,325 for the standard open approach. Most of the cost difference, researchers found, was attributable to the robotic equipment and supplies.

"Nearly 240,000 new cases of prostate cancer are diagnosed annually, and radical prostatectomy is the most common treatment," said Joel B. Nelson, M.D., senior author of the study and chairman of the Department of Urology at UPMC and the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine. "The value of that care for patients is of particular concern to a nation struggling to control health care costs while improving outcomes." During the past decade, he noted, RARP has become the dominant surgical approach in the treatment of prostate cancer, with a surgeon controlling a robot's arms remotely to remove cancerous organs through small incisions in the patient's abdomen. Yet there is limited data to show that this technological innovation has produced better long-term patient results. "It is reasonable to question whether the increased costs of this robotic-assisted approach are justified," said Dr. Nelson, who is also co-director of the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute's Prostate Cancer Program.

For their cost analysis, the researchers looked at the treatment of 473 consecutive patients from July 2009 to October 2010 at UPMC Shadyside hospital. Four urologic oncologists with considerable experience in RARP and RRP operated on these patients, using RARP for 115 and RRP for 358.

The overall cost per case for RARP exceeded the cost for RRP by almost $5,300. The major contributors to the cost gap were greater operating room supply costs and indirect costs associated with the purchase and maintenance of the robotic equipment. Operating room supply costs were almost seven times greater for RARP, while ancillary, cardiology, imaging, administrative, laboratory and pharmacy costs were not significantly different between the two approaches.

Several previous studies also have demonstrated a cost advantage for the standard open surgical approach. However, those studies sometimes excluded certain costs or involved hospitals with lower surgical volumes or surgeons who were less experienced with the robotic-assisted technology, potentially skewing the cost per case.

Dr. Nelson noted that randomized clinical trialsthe gold standard in scientific researchcomparing RRP and RARP are lacking. But a recent review of 37 comparative prostatectomy studies found no superiority for one approach vs. the other in terms of functional (such as post-operative continence and potency) and oncologic outcomes for patients.

"While further studies are needed to compare the long-term outcomes of RRP vs. RARP, our study suggests that our society may be paying too high a price for what has been widely perceived as a medical advance," said Dr. Nelson.

###

Besides Dr. Nelson, the study authors are Jeffrey J. Tomaszewski, M.D., Benjamin J. Davies, M.D., Stephen V. Jackman, M.D., and Ronald L. Hrebinko, M.D., all of UPMC's Department of Urology, and Jarred C. Matchett, UPMC finance.

http://www.upmc.com/mediarelations



[ Back to EurekAlert! ] [ | E-mail | Share Share ]

?


AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


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From Fairy Tale to Romance Novel: Love & Relationships Post ...

I could rail against the word WHY. I could beat it until its bloody ink is splattered against the wall. Why do I?.. Arg!

What is it about a tortured soul that beckons me like a moth to the flame? Misery must love company, I guess.

But I am not miserable. I am not happy, I am not in-between, or maybe I am. These days I feel it all so intensely, moment to moment I shift from pure joy to pure devastation. It?s the nature of change, the ugliness and beauty of metamorphosis.? Have you ever actually watched a butterfly emerge from the chrysalis?? It?s a messy process. But the end result is mesmerizingly beautiful, isn?t it?

It?s been 15 months since I separated from my husband. Nearly 10 years of my life spent with one person. I knew it was over, so did he. We each had our process.? I chose to look back on those 10 years in awe, in gratitude. Even as I still carry a lingering anger at the way it ended.? I decided to move forward, to find the future me.

I have dabbled in men since then, dated, done the walk of shame a few times, and had my heart touched by the sweetness of someone. But I knew I could not truly love anyone, because I don?t quite love myself yet.

Even so, I still enjoy the companionship of being with a man; it?s just different then hanging with the girls. But I have set ground rules for love these days. I don?t want to get married (I?ve done that twice and not very successfully), I don?t want any more children (I have two amazing kids) My life is not in a place to co-mingle anything, really.

So, then what would a relationship look like to me? I love to be in love, I love the feeling of exploring someone new.? I love to fall hard and dance naked by the fire under the stars.? But then what? I still yearn for the romance, but I don?t want to do their laundry.

Is that possible? Is it possible to have that experience without expectations? Can I temporarily be in love? I thought maybe I was just looking for sex, but that?s not it. I?m looking for a deep connection, but a different kind of connection. When I look across the table I realize I?m not interested in the story anymore, I don?t look at a man as a provider, I?m not looking for the fairytale nor am I expecting to live happily ever after. I am looking for someone like me. Confused, lost, temporarily found, nope lost it again?unable to commit, but honest and real about who and where they are.

It?s oddly ironic ? I?ve moved from fairytales to romance novels. Two tortured souls coming together in a wild night of passion ? leaving, quietly, early in the morning, lest we wake up together and look into each others eyes in the daylight.

I am exploring this new type of love. There is respect there, there is a feeling of being connected to someone ? even if they don?t know I need to buy milk or go to the post office. Is it possible for me to keep the mundane out and the magic in?

I am examining myself closely, watching to be sure why I am in this new relationship. Is it fulfilling me? Or is it a temporary band-aid so I can avoid myself? Sometimes it?s both, and that?s ok with me. As I have said before in my blogs, I am in a space and time where I am observing me, learning me again.? Trial and error is all I have, it?s not like there is an instruction book on me. I am writing it as I go.

So instead of killing the WHY, I?ll enjoy it. Why is a gift of exploration and experience. Even if it sometimes leaves a mark.

I recently wrote a book called Metanoia- A Transformative Change of Heart ? click here to read an essay from the book called ?Agreements? about relationships.

If you?d like to read the whole book you can purchase it for $4.99 here.

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About Betsy Chasse

Betsy Chasse is a single mom, author, film maker, radio host and blogger. Co-Creator of the film "What The Bleep Do We Know?!" and Producer of "Pregnant In America" Currently distributing "People V. The State of Illusion" through her company Intention Media Inc. You can find out more by visiting her website. You can listen to her show "Life Unscripted" live every Thursday from 9am-10am PST. Follow her on Twitter and Facebook as Betsy Chasse You can purchase her new book "Meta-Noia - A Transformational Change of Heart" (print and Kindle editions) here.

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Wednesday, May 23, 2012

Want to fly next to your child? Prepare to pay

Summer travel will become more costly this year now that airlines are charging more for aisle and window seats, in some cases $25 each way. NBC's Tom Costello reports.

By Elaine Porterfield , msnbc.com contributor

It?s not just enough to buy your airplane ticket anymore: Increasingly, along with checking baggage, airlines want you to pay extra to ensure a seat next to your travel companions, including your spouse or child.

That?s sure to lead to unhappiness during the coming busy summer travel season, with passengers already toting their own suitcases and carrying their own food to avoid paying additional fees. In many cases, it may cost as much as $25 ? each way ??to ensure you and your companion sit together. And last month, United Airlines ended its policy of allowing families traveling with small children to board early, USA Today reports.?

It?s tough news for many summer travelers. Airlines have?successfully raised airfares?three times this year.?Business travelers are already facing fares that will likely rise this year an average of four percent in North America, according to the Egencia's 2012 Global Corporate Travel Forecast. Egencia is an Expedia, Inc. company.

Regarding the seat reservation fees, it works like this: Airlines are reserving a growing number of window and aisle seats for passengers willing to pay extra for them,?the Associated Press reports. While airlines say it's a move to?boost revenue, the policy is making it harder for friends and family members who don't pay this fee to sit next to each other. At the peak of the summer travel season, it might be nearly impossible, the AP reports.

Since last summer, American, Delta Air Lines, Frontier Airlines and United Airlines have increased the percentage of coach seats requiring some kind of extra fee. Allegiant Air and Spirit Airlines charge extra for any advanced seat assignment, according to the AP.

?I think it?s going to fall flat on its face,? predicted travel psychologist Michael Brein, PhD, of Bainbridge Island, Wash. ?It?s pushing the envelope a little far for travelers. People have had it up to here with fees, and this one sounds not so well thought out to me.?

George Hobica, founder and president of the Internet travel site Airfarewatchdog, said he thinks the fees are reasonable. ?When you think about it, when you go to a theater, a Broadway play, you always pay extra for better seats. They?re doing the same thing.?

Live Poll

Should airlines charge extra for window and aisle seats?

  • 184190

    Yes, airlines are free to charge whatever they like.

    8%

  • 184191

    No, I shouldn't have to pay extra to sit next to my travel companions.

    92%

VoteTotal Votes: 2268

Airlines are having a tough time, Hobica points out:? ?Two of our remaining airlines lost money last quarter, and the industry as a whole had a 1.5 percent profit margin. I?m all about low airfares ? it?s been my stock in trade for almost 20 years. But the traveling public has had it good at expense of the airlines? People need to be honest and should buck up and say if they want these low fares, then the people who want special service should pay (extra) for it.?

One airline bucking the trend is the Seattle-based Alaska.

?We do not charge for priority seating, or seating together at Alaska Airlines,? said spokeswoman Marianne Lindsey. ?We do hold some seats out for last-minute booking by our elite member frequent fliers and passengers with disabilities, but in general you should be able to find seats together for your family.?

Now and again, that can be a challenge, Lindsey said.

?In some instances, however, with full flights, families may not be seated together,? she said. ?In this instance, we do all that we can to accommodate families requesting seating together, including asking if there are other travelers that would be willing to change their seats for the family. If all four cannot be seated together we try to at least get one parent with each child. Oftentimes, once families are onboard, other travelers offer to move to accommodate the family, and our flight attendants help facilitate this.?

Would you pay extra to guarantee a seat next to your traveling companion? Tell us about it on Facebook.

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Tuesday, May 22, 2012

Oregon Mental Health Worker Fatally Stabbed While Delivering Medication

The stabbing death of a mental health worker has put the spotlight on the safety of home visits.

Jennifer Warren, 38, was killed Sunday while delivering medication to a patient in St. Helens, Ore., ABC affiliate KATU reported. Warren worked for Columbia Community Mental Health, which provides in-home counseling and medication management for people with mental illness.

"She was a real good worker," Columbia Community Mental Health's director Roland Migchielsen told KATU. "We had her for 10 years, and this is a devastating loss."

The suspect, 30-year-old Brent Redd, was taken to a hospital and treated for injuries, KATU reported. Police would not say whether Redd's injuries were self-inflicted or the result of a struggle with Warren but did say he'd called 911 to report what he'd done.

In 2007, Redd was found not guilty by reason of insanity for the attempted murder of his mother. He was sentenced to 20 years under the jurisdiction of the Oregon Psychiatric Security Review Board, a sentence he started serving in Oregon State Hospital. But in 2010, the board granted Redd conditional release into community care.

"Public safety is the first concern of the Psychiatric Security Review Board," Mary Claire Buckley, executive director of the board, said in a statement Sunday. "Today's tragic incident is the first time in 34 years when any client under the board's jurisdiction has been alleged to have committed a violent act of this nature."

Because of patient confidentiality laws, the nature of Redd's mental illness is not known. His family told KATU he had been taking antipsychotic and antidepressant medications, but that the doses had been scaled back for an upcoming surgery.

"Given his past history of violence, that could certainly have put him at an increased risk of becoming psychotic and violent again," said Dr. Ken Robbins, clinical professor of psychiatry at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.

Robbins, who is not involved in Redd's treatment, said courts are usually reluctant to release people who commit violent crimes into the community.

"Presumably, he had received treatment that made mental health professionals believe he was no longer at risk for violence," he said, adding that the continued treatment would have been one of the conditions for Redd's release. "If the antipsychotic and antidepressant medications that had treated his illness were being decreased, one would have to anticipate he might become more unstable, more dangerous."

Robbins said violence is a rare but real risk for mental health workers doing home visits.

"If someone is going to visit someone with a history of psychiatric illness and a history of violence and it's unclear whether they've been compliant with their medications, one obviously has to be very vigilant," he said, describing how workers are trained to look for signs of anxiety. "But the signs can be very hard to read, and these unfortunate instances have nothing to do with a particular mental health worker's skills."

Jerome Fesler, whose wife delivered medication to Redd before quitting over fear for her safety, said workers should be sent on home visits in pairs.

"They should double them up," Fesler told KATU. "They should have someone else. They should be working in pairs, plain and simple. You know, two people is always better than one. You've got someone there that if something does happen. They can call for help."

Mental Health Worker Killed on the Job

Robbins believes there is safety in numbers, but that extra workers can also trigger anxiety in patients.

"If you have too many people show up, it can feel crowded and threatening, and you may actually precipitate violence," he said. "On the other hand, there are safety reasons you may want to have two or three people along. You have to think through the pluses and minuses."

More than 400 of the 615 people currently under Oregon's Psychiatric Security Review Board jurisdiction live in the community, according to the board. And since 1978, only 2 percent of the more than 1,400 people found guilty by reason of insanity supervised by the board have committed crimes again.

"You would think if someone committed a crime because they were psychotic, that once the psychosis is treated they shouldn't have to spend their life in a facility," said Collins. "At some point, it would make sense that conditional release be considered, assuming there's a way to make sure they stay on treatment that's working."

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